What are the chemical properties of Nanoscale particles?

The core parameters of nanoparticles are their shape, size, and the morphological substructure of the substance. Nanoparticles are presented as an aerosol (mostly solid or liquid phase in air), a suspension (mostly solid in liquids) or an emulsion (two liquid phases).

A chemical property is any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction. It is any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity.

Does Nanoparticles can be consider stable?

Nanoparticles are therefore extremely unstable and easily change themselves or react with active substances to reach a relatively stable state in some cases. This causes desired changes or undesired changes to nanoparticles and thus makes them exhibit a high reactivity and a poor stability.

Chemical properties that are important in characterizing materials include composition, structure, molecular weight, boiling and melting points, vapor pressure, octanol-water partition coefficient, water-solubility, reactivity, and stability.

Nanoparticles Interaction

At the nanoscale, particle-particle interactions are either dominated by weak Van der Waals forces, stronger polar and electrostatic interactions or covalent interactions. Depending on the viscosity and polarizability of the fluid, particle aggregation is determined by the interparticle interaction. By the modification of the surface layer, the tendency of a colloid to coagulate can be enhanced or hindered.

The composition of a specific nanoparticle can be very complex, depending on what interactions it has had with other chemicals or particles and on its lifetime. The chemical processes taking place on the surfaces of nanoparticles are also very complicated and remain largely unknown.

Chemical characterizations

Techniques that can provide surface chemical characterization and investigation of protein–nanomaterial interactions include CD (Circular dichroism) coupled with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, time-of-flight secondary ion MS (Mass spectrometry), ATR–FTIR (Attenuated total reflection -Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), modified AFM (Atomic force microscopy), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.